# Almost sure localization of the eigenvalues in a gaussian information plus noise model. Applications to the spiked models

Research paper by Philippe Loubaton, Pascal Vallet

Indexed on: 29 Sep '11Published on: 29 Sep '11Published in: Mathematics - Probability

#### Abstract

Let $\boldsymbol{\Sigma}_N$ be a $M \times N$ random matrix defined by $\boldsymbol{\Sigma}_N = \mathbf{B}_N + \sigma \mathbf{W}_N$ where $\mathbf{B}_N$ is a uniformly bounded deterministic matrix and where $\mathbf{W}_N$ is an independent identically distributed complex Gaussian matrix with zero mean and variance $\frac{1}{N}$ entries. The purpose of this paper is to study the almost sure location of the eigenvalues $\hat{\lambda}_{1,N} \geq ... \geq \hat{\lambda}_{M,N}$ of the Gram matrix ${\boldsymbol \Sigma}_N {\boldsymbol \Sigma}_N^*$ when $M$ and $N$ converge to $+\infty$ such that the ratio $c_N = \frac{M}{N}$ converges towards a constant $c > 0$. The results are used in order to derive, using an alernative approach, known results concerning the behaviour of the largest eigenvalues of ${\boldsymbol \Sigma}_N {\boldsymbol \Sigma}_N^*$ when the rank of $\mathbf{B}_N$ remains fixed when $M$ and $N$ converge to $+\infty$.